AI Governance: From Hype to Oversight in Corporate Risk Management
Solo-authored. Presented at 2024 AAA Deloitte Foundation J. Michael Cook Doctoral Consortium, 2025 KAAPA PhD Conference, University of Colorado Boulder, 2026 MAS Midyear Meeting
- Dissertation committees: Yonca Ertimur (Co-Chair), Andrea Pawliczek (Co-Chair), Nathan Marshall, Steve Rock, and Andrew Stephan (Indiana University)
- Abstract: The rapid adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies by firms has outpaced the development of formal governance structures to oversee AI associated risks, highlighting a critical gap in board-level oversight amid a rapidly evolving technological landscape. To address this gap, I investigate whether and how firms implement board-level governance structures to oversee AI-related risks, and how investors respond to such oversight. Using a combination of keyword-based textual analysis and large language models on proxy statements and 10-K filings from 2018 through May 2025, I classify AI governance mechanisms across three dimensions: AI principles, specialized oversight committees, and AI-related expertise on the board. While I find a sharp rise in the adoption of AI governance during the sample period, a substantial gap remains: by 2024, only 55% of S&P 1500 firms discuss AI risks in their 10-K filings, while a mere 26% mention AI governance in their proxy statements. Firms with AI governance are typically larger, more R&D-intensive, and led by newer CEOs than firms without AI governance. Importantly, I show that investors’ reactions to AI-related information depend on firms’ AI governance adoption: while AI governance is associated with more muted or negative price reactions when AI-related information is interpreted favorably, it mitigates negative market responses when AI-related risks become salient, highlighting a tension between innovation agility and risk oversight. This study provides the first systematic evidence on AI-specific governance and its market implications, offering timely insights into how firms adapt to emerging technologies.